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Þ'¯°ÌME[YéïĵÂCå½ Ué©Áû'Ê9%eÔðNU”ë‘ÌsD3/®+UI˜9h.WC”빓$#:pz:YÓ ¿xž* ³$Í +$kñAŠ‹†¢ Uê>¸)_š¬÷©ßAÂÔb9ÇU ¯¾á•9¯ÏÏ÷O÷¼¼Fähal1‰3Ì[Ïr•´UCksNÐ] R‘¸¥H+§Šé†c©vÖÞ0iÓ76s†î!§=ß ¼~Ô'°Ãmäoäš³ªøi1úÉ)³yV8 CLÄØÁ‘WYïi€H6ÖÑiámø^ÈY´°Ñ7¥Û*—Ñ©L«Qƒï—Ùrÿ ›£Ð*š¸ˆL©ˆ$ˆ ÷¾D§9È®«qbqC)–ˆïv´çñsÑVT­Ø, <àïºÀO«Jý·õ àfPìð .wFšir´þ’2_Y *Æ€x\« ì€9š@ Ž|F⇥ˆkZ@hÖÄ0t¿-<“‹qµ¾*ZL¤Ú)&BJpÓF5=$„at*Zš$’ÑtdûÝRI1 2Ž‰$€$I$#‰SÞ’Hë¬ï;Á$¡t$’`<(ñÇt)$‡Ð.Êf¢X’Kt=Éé$‚ˆªè¢oÝëòI%Rgcª÷ŠyI%¡‰ÿ !ñ)´õ $¤ Ô’IIGÿÙMetadata-Version: 2.4 Name: pycparser Version: 3.0 Summary: C parser in Python Author-email: Eli Bendersky Maintainer-email: Eli Bendersky License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/eliben/pycparser Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13 Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14 Requires-Python: >=3.10 Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst License-File: LICENSE Dynamic: license-file =============== pycparser v3.00 =============== .. image:: https://github.com/eliben/pycparser/workflows/pycparser-tests/badge.svg :align: center :target: https://github.com/eliben/pycparser/actions ---- .. contents:: :backlinks: none .. sectnum:: Introduction ============ What is pycparser? ------------------ **pycparser** is a parser for the C language, written in pure Python. It is a module designed to be easily integrated into applications that need to parse C source code. What is it good for? -------------------- Anything that needs C code to be parsed. The following are some uses for **pycparser**, taken from real user reports: * C code obfuscator * Front-end for various specialized C compilers * Static code checker * Automatic unit-test discovery * Adding specialized extensions to the C language One of the most popular uses of **pycparser** is in the `cffi `_ library, which uses it to parse the declarations of C functions and types in order to auto-generate FFIs. **pycparser** is unique in the sense that it's written in pure Python - a very high level language that's easy to experiment with and tweak. To people familiar with Lex and Yacc, **pycparser**'s code will be simple to understand. It also has no external dependencies (except for a Python interpreter), making it very simple to install and deploy. Which version of C does pycparser support? ------------------------------------------ **pycparser** aims to support the full C99 language (according to the standard ISO/IEC 9899). Some features from C11 are also supported, and patches to support more are welcome. **pycparser** supports very few GCC extensions, but it's fairly easy to set things up so that it parses code with a lot of GCC-isms successfully. See the `FAQ `_ for more details. What grammar does pycparser follow? ----------------------------------- **pycparser** very closely follows the C grammar provided in Annex A of the C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899). How is pycparser licensed? -------------------------- `BSD license `_. Contact details --------------- For reporting problems with **pycparser** or submitting feature requests, please open an `issue `_, or submit a pull request. Installing ========== Prerequisites ------------- **pycparser** is being tested with modern versions of Python on Linux, macOS and Windows. See `the CI dashboard `__ for details. **pycparser** has no external dependencies. Installation process -------------------- The recommended way to install **pycparser** is with ``pip``:: > pip install pycparser Using ===== Interaction with the C preprocessor ----------------------------------- In order to be compilable, C code must be preprocessed by the C preprocessor - ``cpp``. A compatible ``cpp`` handles preprocessing directives like ``#include`` and ``#define``, removes comments, and performs other minor tasks that prepare the C code for compilation. For all but the most trivial snippets of C code **pycparser**, like a C compiler, must receive preprocessed C code in order to function correctly. If you import the top-level ``parse_file`` function from the **pycparser** package, it will interact with ``cpp`` for you, as long as it's in your PATH, or you provide a path to it. Note also that you can use ``gcc -E`` or ``clang -E`` instead of ``cpp``. See the ``using_gcc_E_libc.py`` example for more details. Windows users can download and install a binary build of Clang for Windows `from this website `_. What about the standard C library headers? ------------------------------------------ C code almost always ``#include``\s various header files from the standard C library, like ``stdio.h``. While (with some effort) **pycparser** can be made to parse the standard headers from any C compiler, it's much simpler to use the provided "fake" standard includes for C11 in ``utils/fake_libc_include``. These are standard C header files that contain only the bare necessities to allow valid parsing of the files that use them. As a bonus, since they're minimal, it can significantly improve the performance of parsing large C files. The key point to understand here is that **pycparser** doesn't really care about the semantics of types. It only needs to know whether some token encountered in the source is a previously defined type. This is essential in order to be able to parse C correctly. See `this blog post `_ for more details. Note that the fake headers are not included in the ``pip`` package nor installed via the package build (`#224 `_). Basic usage ----------- Take a look at the |examples|_ directory of the distribution for a few examples of using **pycparser**. These should be enough to get you started. Please note that most realistic C code samples would require running the C preprocessor before passing the code to **pycparser**; see the previous sections for more details. .. |examples| replace:: ``examples`` .. _examples: examples Advanced usage -------------- The public interface of **pycparser** is well documented with comments in ``pycparser/c_parser.py``. For a detailed overview of the various AST nodes created by the parser, see ``pycparser/_c_ast.cfg``. There's also a `FAQ available here `_. In any case, you can always drop me an `email `_ for help. Modifying ========= There are a few points to keep in mind when modifying **pycparser**: * The code for **pycparser**'s AST nodes is automatically generated from a configuration file - ``_c_ast.cfg``, by ``_ast_gen.py``. If you modify the AST configuration, make sure to re-generate the code. This can be done by running the ``_ast_gen.py`` script (from the repository root or the ``pycparser`` directory). * Read the docstring in the constructor of the ``CParser`` class for details on configuration and compatibility arguments. Package contents ================ Once you unzip the ``pycparser`` package, you'll see the following files and directories: README.rst: This README file. LICENSE: The pycparser license setup.py: Legacy installation script (build metadata lives in ``pyproject.toml``). pyproject.toml: Package metadata and build configuration. examples/: A directory with some examples of using **pycparser** pycparser/: The **pycparser** module source code. tests/: Unit tests. utils/fake_libc_include: Minimal standard C library include files that should allow to parse any C code. Note that these headers now include C11 code, so they may not work when the preprocessor is configured to an earlier C standard (like ``-std=c99``). utils/internal/: Internal utilities for my own use. You probably don't need them. Contributors ============ Some people have contributed to **pycparser** by opening issues on bugs they've found and/or submitting patches. The list of contributors is in the CONTRIBUTORS file in the source distribution. After **pycparser** moved to Github I stopped updating this list because Github does a much better job at tracking contributions.