ÿØÿà JFIF    ÿÛ „ !.%+&8&+/1555$;@;4?.451 4,$,44444444444414444444444444444444444444444444444444ÿÀ  á á" ÿÄ     ÿÄ ?    !1AQaq"2‘¡±ÁðBRbrÑá#‚’¢²3S CñÿÄ   ÿÄ !    !1QAa‘2ÿÚ   ? 5˜Z¯V¦cø)›t/? z¨±>Õ5€¶‹Á¤·¼z¼Ü¬+ñ®v¤¨_ˆR­BFn©—˜ý®ç̝P8gýt·ÉSTŦˆìät?þé¼íìN/Þa)ì–í6ô… Ï¿øÃj´¿KÇü]ÿ ªô¹-eKànëÕHTx}ýSÜ›ÿ ”7Ø×&µ<¦  ¥ÑO¶[Ù¯ä¨ÞÃÿ PZ-¬;#õ|•oaÿ ©CìÞz3˜öː/¤­ñTûIØ}š^ mÓ%ªxˆ¥ÉŸu=Z+ISe¿45™¼u;ú&WØ÷€æßQ™®{|íx*TC“#ZŠìZ§²‹ 6pv…³¿¡äª*áZÐ%ÒOáˆo"x«OHk w±æ+¬V(kMúŸ5Vö«$ ÁrÏbàb57/luR ¸ÑÛj Òµì`Мq­û žICÀÊ•©4€Âcà¨Ï€O´<èÐ:›ù(Ë^L8þ‘ÍÌ#¸Ð_Ì©ÙK(Öz 4¬û+¸;ü’V’84‘¬ÃŽ:[â‡ÔÌáõp¢~§ªlæ£ö{®G>J¼"°‡7¯ÆÉèßû ‹É‹§ÁòÃýâßî ^ƾÙõ‹×óH#«LP½ïX=xÑÍ$|W?•~• îëÔ©ª‹ {ÝT…Kÿ ”hûâá)J*ö˜–ÔU;iÇ€/ ÆþjóZ\ýwØ=Ìm ºèËL9 ýèÆð/¨’¥öo=nË.%Îì ŽÕ¯È|{Oj²ƒE6e/ßdÄõ²Ìâ1O®ò×TsəԸhOMýíMˆ¿¼H˜l²,7Â¥#MF/Úf°Ö½± ¸–dr‹NýÊ íjqx{œÉ ä-È ¦ øÄër¨q°ð †nцýÑÄÆ’mä…n<0È™;ÁÝá¯ÁZƒ7FÀmì­ É&9ˆîéi¶ùN§Y• ÃZãAâ?•‡©‰ , ó¾IŸŠc1 4â&y­&pŠ­6;M À 0¹qç»p.á …ŸÅáK@%6·y6ƒ‰3?”úºŽ‰éX5ªPT §µ!=Mž«Ú½‹ÅgÂSâÉaþÓoö–¯ÁÔìR>5éÿ üs¶ÆUcÌ kÇR ]ÿ ù¬¼«VŽ;Â|‡~¢¦”ÏŰæ {L™Õ°Óv¹ò¸írޡעCÃ!íVÕ {¶»sŒNPg/ "uÕbkm²“$ďå¿é¹§°½æz¯6 †s¿!s–wÚÝ“™Œ °.ûj>·+™Òa…©Œ&rÝÎtÛë긪Ît’LAVp%c Úý[ÄzJ¾ÇàXXç@˜ó<êL]·T˜¾¥1Ó©V‡g´æ½¦Ý@¹óø!_@´ÞâSÁ —S3™•& ]@JHÚý©ZŽ €×æÔr»Áf!‡yÞ4Mv*èÓã_{‘åóUuљØ«Oïé*®EvÑ Œ÷‡U \"㪒ÍK+À 4“M¡ï:0¥5í!'<@î´”>Ç»&Z–ïCCV˜Ì5Šo&îhè.žû |ÓK©h$s6KìŒëã)¹hI¦GïOåóI;ììü#É$Š0…Ææ¥TØ.5­¾gn´ “ÂÖ\:hœ89G)J@„}œ:’Ò{/Š"¦_Æ×7Æ3VÇŠÊa]ÚŒÙ€Ä–=®uÁßâACZƒ§§£ Qnâ:«,×{tyø¬iÛcœÜÄ€H½ÄÍCk´÷šß .W'b¤Íåh]÷€=,Žv×cÚEÚHXJX¶îo¨FÒtèöŸ>ªª6[J®Fµ£sGÁeqõfe\íjÒÐïÄÐGˆe1Ø‹.Ø”‘Ëuø Y­ˆÜ ŽG|zùªüMpDnQWÄ”%JŠ™)â*p@Örš«ÕT2Ð%ˆG#ª„ ·¤!°ŸOTÂT¸aÚ%4&h™LµšØüÐ.F¿²ÐÞ_Ç‚¾ÅÃaÜ÷09Æ q€öy˜v‡85õN÷]¬äѼóS{°_MެúÔ#°Ç¸0åÞè2ëôPcvÆw9®ií1Ä8F™˜à‰´+‰Ik1òÝ7“Ñ×ÒsÝ\x‚h`ÞÑ`ó"|µEcý£n˜h`}GÞ !±ù²Ápü²ß6 0ïi󜵩SÈÇ7˜-ÕURO˜¦´f$ªž-Í6(œ}<„ éc øs]ŽŽ„*—¾ ìdŽ„)méª\¿êÎIg¾ØÞ~I#C/¼¼´EÁÈŽi8“©õådô·>euä ƒ'Ê×लR1ÉJE1ÐAát`t;ÇР%Ý<‡¥„ÍÆ`×Oyó)õiI€ñQaŸ4Ûù\áàaÃÔ¹HÃu¹*k€¦<„e S‡&õÏ B!ŽhüÞ`yj}mªf×\¿ Ç~æ­9‡û\՞Ǖg²1Žû5V7 !àöšm° c`ܬøÇìµÒ'P"?…´Ö,"§^•õލsÔ)6˜sæéÍR¼ ò|Sl”‹7 nPW Gòú÷½§O¯‡„l¡kSÞŒr½PÊ@æ¢pŽ-mÿ #Ÿ˜Àº¶Áä¦;ïÔæ$1££`“Õ>„—·ž)ßð³ñ#Ï Ô$¶œ‰ÊE‹À;÷º ¯«P:Ñ”8–IÊtpÞ3ª“>ê“þës4ò2OÏÕ­±zô†Õ§‰.÷ä¸;¿˜“'œ›žª}«Œ{ª±Ì 9ÔóÞÕ‡0 $íWV3Üì¬ —@kÝ4@¿r¼±½¬™›?øØæ´'Áé®CË3-g$˜ö‡×auÚi´Žp/êÛ æF›Ú2v‹ã¿¿,nB1̨ƃqÞa5͝@&Æû“él÷ \C²½UÍc ¯k×¢U ÖéQå™—-r wô ÞÏ<Ò=&=ÿ Ôê Òêˈt,i—;LîÜ á¸*ÚÃ1$êL•LÍ <É)ýÐà’ ;F™{ƒ™˜€&'}‚ãÄK`¡ÞT@I;®žZóè‚s’7®°›+§O­Åq©é»²9<Ô J ¼9O’HL»Ùïì¸rk¼Ž_ý‘TŸu[²ßÚŒ·ü÷B%¯E ŸÔX5êO´ Ç•€’I0 ÉJX` ñ¹õ%;µŸD‘«´€àwÒ™U ûئžÖö\×®×´8 ½‡ºÐÆÓ§?Àkmœ=;d5*@-ì0F Rªýš[Ü6âö̃ڸr*KA9· u*µæ£?U¸Âêí†8@¦X4 e-ò„0s{ HâUpU?¼mñRa°®a%Ð'tÉ×’\¾ÊÉ]t›h>·(Ë@R¼¡Ãt h}’O÷au<+nT…Ö…MӐ??Óe95 q>í/;&JSû °¯ÊéÞ øƒ*Ã2½Ài&:nôUl=¾¿5eˆ3”ñc|Ú2V”>„»&eE;«ÚäC p¢Û úy 9š[ŒÌx¼擼A&DåÒ¯ˆ¤ÀÌ;"˜ ÏQä¸åhÊ}Ûq«Û0WžÒ|»€ø®öCm5•\ÇÀ§Pe3£]0ÃàLDÉ‰1øªxjgwT‚÷¿LΨK‹›ùs—xˆÜ±µ kæ¸f‰‰ÜGk/LÛØ6d9ò¶ùA{ƒA3š/¬D¬khÓk‰`˜"㯒r¿±Óã jx‡°e}<Ñø\3y:'À•/h½Í€Ç4~g ?Û(¼]v‘ªlKÎâ~?O‚W%{Ì:“'©úNq¾›úo(X’¥¯ˆ nFê{Ç€ü?º'ë ø‹ì Þ09ŒÌç9Æ —ËC`j@ÓÄ(+a‹un¸#ÂꟋ{K`‘ÑÍÍ'à´»/Û,KW;Þ4²þð ï Nm|~fGÏ(…³Ã)«1ö­Õ ¥‡¨©ƒÃ™ü-s=à=U66Ï«Ýc蓦W¹íž®›nÔ%êÇìŒ<#Ü×84ån®Ð ÒåOC` ñânÑs‡¢ç 1õ%Îhì½Ã½® e:ݼUZo™`  ÅZŸŒÊ«ê1ÏÄo$q¹Þ€©ˆhÐÉä¯ñ[!…Ú˜àJ:x2$Íß&PåT£6ç— ‡Í*4Ýšçjÿ ‰É nófÐ ó(L5C•åÆ\rMÒ@ò }y-W}™üýVù—ú¢=Ù”c®‘< M ž ´Phr ¦©TD ‘ù.$´÷O‡‘V2Æò.=IUŒ=ž‡â¬i™aþÓåÙ?òUø'ØÖ•.~* šTŒ!•-×áºTâ®ä#õü'´ eýlYÅÓeÕKÂrT"CÚ@u!Óxƒ{š3€}1¿(r}%«nËamjÑ%ÑNEò v ˜à  σöK³,*º.àzù¨™Ó ÚçâU¦*¿ 9{%Ö¹ njûdaXöb) kÛÆ±ûÓ\°M7ˆÂ=û›ç¿Ã‚­V»Cg–8ÙêE- j)k$º`Ã-ùEýeBÆÇ]c¡°ñty&Òd0nõ'¡W+ƒ*|–øµFa\GQªEAÔp5\Ǽ·¼Ç8·õ -â§Ú[ ‡ uZeÖ 3}×d'+¹:ð+K†Û®s!Ï$úe€<Û”x)1»a­¡LC]¸µík…ÚàA»AYº{†ªS[¦5HÒ7ù --,ísòDØ€èk ÞÀîÜ ò@â( ËNˆë›4ô½•/¦o‡€Û7 ê•ÆêòðÜy'Án½µ á˜ݦ ndeo…[ì¶Ê,¥R³Ä=À±—–ß;£™´ñSâ*g§”ïaið‘Jå~™ÓÞ ß³Õ¢»8x埒²52>AÊb&-÷\7´éÄù€T˜,w;3{ï˜k…à¹ÄqÀ«œ{€\ ˆ¾[´¨јr &Úé„Ívˆ±8†¿]|¬ņ4I×pÞS1ÈÖz‰#Ìv‡G!YNògñ:màTz¢Ý1ô©^O=~ë|5Bã™ç•¼µõ•bÆ@úÕS¬ÈŒ#¬zünrŸ û” Z²•èðV"ÁHÚý©wÝ €7¼Ìu1hÑa3Éä û f$o¿É ™Ú›ÝçnpÒ3äÌ3†Í§,Äï]$‰/pê †«À¼¸e9­Æê_C]žƒ·ý·frÁN«, E=›Çq -‰öŒ:aÏ¿±í&£Í:-} 84‘ÿ eƒQÑeëSsuiA ³g㟥ú£?ÿ ʼn*”“÷aühe:ÊWa@ÒÞk±eØ] F Ô—r.åä˜ @ö¥ªZoÐýYL·¥S²G/‡ñ <~*ZÆ´è>JlòàÛÆ½ÿ 窘ìGN¢:I®KšJp/`íIÁÀõ#Ä-€ö­šµŒoF4|ÆQØÆ@Ì|£Ô…¢À{9˜è½Üó›€ôYÒÎYsið;ís¤€à²ˆ‚4qÉVŒI$ ‰"° æµ8cXGjœˏ¡Aâý•ËÜ¢ûï e·çLx']á"oÅÎê3¯Ç—¹”ó0nå‚âg{Œñ> S´˜îè°g238‚ãköÝfÚd´6Ò€;ò÷±¢™¼›º ¢Æ'¥Ðx'e¬ç ]bÈÆV¢ó‹kýBO ðÊâ$Ÿ!×T 3Mýמ žìٍàÌü‘8÷€àæØ8æ©6‰©L´«…oãpð„~Çk‰!ñ;‹”ÛžÍ àž±z Ÿôû øŸÝužÏ;ÿ #|u6™Þ¬ÚˆÐõA4¶â|ôl|Ê2ŽÇ¤ÝÅÇY.<#Aí.k§hóF‚”Y; M½Ö4hŸ4&›­¿tès´%FìL¥£Ãk‰ÇT¤haÁ¤ÚxfÉ`ÑìË›>i 3t‚:,–+^÷´–{Û–Nxi"x‘Ûg î¨>¥Õ܁ùZH,2Û“:8xÊ¢Çí9.É-Ìâã-=çjwµS˜dütžçwýGòú®®ûº_ˆýx$–¡ãøO EÚÛÏ÷R„×w+3£Á£öUMyR²¹âŒ°š›¸Ñãò9§Ó_Dl+Ùßc›úšGÅÌc†Ž!Ko=¶.‘Îÿ c²(2®V mª.ÿ ¹B›¹å ù„öŸSV>™ü¯$y:G¢Z×àøúdî¹û­·ýÇ´:•c LÍõi_‹ö+ÎæGÊè>OŠ•äž´§Þ{X}¨1ÚTc›»Qþ•êô°t¿OP?eæ~É{5]•ÙR£r5†nZ\ã@ &îJõ ¾àC°þV>fé¥/ü5ñÊIº_é5 ;e­h<@ Ä&æÃëE%;X,ÒãÆÞ`Oò¦kŸm#˜!ÀyÄ¢| óLšò¥Ä` ¶R=|ÈCâh5ò3DˆïF†ðÒ#ÅìÛœ?¸yhBãœí ZxßÎÄhºRK„`Þödvײ™ÀÈÑÒgŒuY w³%†ƒÓzõ ÖÏp‚dH®¦A´ù§»ÓÇMæ~)ˆð‡û:ù&Ä •vGD´À n ݇¼Ö8Fö óáà£~Ë¥x`oK|Ä?fxiØü%pìR>éò+Û±éÎ>núlFŤ'tq8LZÏvÃ?„¡ß±È⽆¯³íü@x|PöUäèØã¡ð‚ŒAìÏ"vÍwóŸÍ{ ý0.z È•Ö{,N¡£¡ŸKÕÙž>Ýœþ ÍÀ°<×EA!Å‚D™IúOÍ¡>ôG}Â` ÍßkÜL™Ž Þð™ {IøF²¹òQ3&!ÃÂÞz.d&Ï-sH¸,Ôõ˜ŽP€ 77ˆÝ¼ÊëÜw =cÕ Ú,ØÐ5ÎYÐ)ì´öœgŒ[¤ßv㙑8心>h]§µháYš£²ºÑ.{Ï7Sð•?´~×SÃKýJÛ˜ ™Íäiúu<µX¶1õ^kâçIÑ£sZ4h>j*ÔšD:4­¿_ ÷¸ Õxæÿ ¸?Mù _•­ÊÐ ä ÷ý ÑwL œ­ïnTkÛUÍN©ë:¦fV ¶ÜÔÜMªÅâA½–¿R×TXš-%iTÊT•‡Ù‚JôϐZxWÑè‰f‰òG º ×Õû2aZ7OU3[“×AT–ÞŒ…-‘¤”Ì ì&(ˆ¿­•ƒkï’:ðY¦W‘ Å)“†‘˜³Åtcø˜ñTÂwÚÇ4|üLÇªí–v- qˆèU qPE.†â‘˜µ Æ,ÐÅs]8¾„oúÑ i>ÜxxÈó)ƒ ´æÁâØ$À‰vžŸf$Ž |ãw;ÀÁIJ»b` {¦Ó¤Ú$©YÀ‘n@Óïž«9J¼êG m¤ ܯ¹ÌW4€ÐÒÅÛ‡#褕Ÿn-?í|с¥÷Ú¹¬'´ÞÜ9ÓK `hê£SÄSà?7—Wí_´…óB›»:=Ãïq`<8ñÓŒÑlú2d¬ê³£hÖ[l|$vÝro~'R®‰§°ñmY ͧäP |PUª¹·:3Œ[Û{Xÿ ºâ@‚W–Äé u‚ ¯´*=íή.pûÒdt @G‰¬ s¸ ëÉücr ÞæÑ¨Ê@>¤¢Ö±. Þ'¯°ÌME[YéïĵÂCå½ Ué©Áû'Ê9%eÔðNU”ë‘ÌsD3/®+UI˜9h.WC”빓$#:pz:YÓ ¿xž* ³$Í +$kñAŠ‹†¢ Uê>¸)_š¬÷©ßAÂÔb9ÇU ¯¾á•9¯ÏÏ÷O÷¼¼Fähal1‰3Ì[Ïr•´UCksNÐ] R‘¸¥H+§Šé†c©vÖÞ0iÓ76s†î!§=ß ¼~Ô'°Ãmäoäš³ªøi1úÉ)³yV8 CLÄØÁ‘WYïi€H6ÖÑiámø^ÈY´°Ñ7¥Û*—Ñ©L«Qƒï—Ùrÿ ›£Ð*š¸ˆL©ˆ$ˆ ÷¾D§9È®«qbqC)–ˆïv´çñsÑVT­Ø, <àïºÀO«Jý·õ àfPìð .wFšir´þ’2_Y *Æ€x\« ì€9š@ Ž|F⇥ˆkZ@hÖÄ0t¿-<“‹qµ¾*ZL¤Ú)&BJpÓF5=$„at*Zš$’ÑtdûÝRI1 2މ$€$I$#‰SÞ’Hë¬ï;Á$¡t$’`<(ñÇt)$‡Ð.Êf¢X’Kt=Éé$‚ˆªè¢oÝëòI%Rgcª÷ŠyI%¡‰ÿ !ñ)´õ $¤ Ô’IIGÿÙpackage integer; our $VERSION = '1.01'; =head1 NAME integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point =head1 SYNOPSIS use integer; $x = 10/3; # $x is now 3, not 3.33333333333333333 =head1 DESCRIPTION This tells the compiler to use integer operations from here to the end of the enclosing BLOCK. On many machines, this doesn't matter a great deal for most computations, but on those without floating point hardware, it can make a big difference in performance. Note that this only affects how most of the arithmetic and relational B handle their operands and results, and B how all numbers everywhere are treated. Specifically, C has the effect that before computing the results of the arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, and unary minus), the comparison operators (<, <=, >, >=, ==, !=, <=>), and the bitwise operators (|, &, ^, <<, >>, |=, &=, ^=, <<=, >>=), the operands have their fractional portions truncated (or floored), and the result will have its fractional portion truncated as well. In addition, the range of operands and results is restricted to that of familiar two's complement integers, i.e., -(2**31) .. (2**31-1) on 32-bit architectures, and -(2**63) .. (2**63-1) on 64-bit architectures. For example, this code use integer; $x = 5.8; $y = 2.5; $z = 2.7; $a = 2**31 - 1; # Largest positive integer on 32-bit machines $, = ", "; print $x, -$x, $x+$y, $x-$y, $x/$y, $x*$y, $y==$z, $a, $a+1; will print: 5.8, -5, 7, 3, 2, 10, 1, 2147483647, -2147483648 Note that $x is still printed as having its true non-integer value of 5.8 since it wasn't operated on. And note too the wrap-around from the largest positive integer to the largest negative one. Also, arguments passed to functions and the values returned by them are B affected by C. E.g., srand(1.5); $, = ", "; print sin(.5), cos(.5), atan2(1,2), sqrt(2), rand(10); will give the same result with or without C The power operator C<**> is also not affected, so that 2 ** .5 is always the square root of 2. Now, it so happens that the pre- and post- increment and decrement operators, ++ and --, are not affected by C either. Some may rightly consider this to be a bug -- but at least it's a long-standing one. Finally, C also has an additional affect on the bitwise operators. Normally, the operands and results are treated as B integers, but with C the operands and results are B. This means, among other things, that ~0 is -1, and -2 & -5 is -6. Internally, native integer arithmetic (as provided by your C compiler) is used. This means that Perl's own semantics for arithmetic operations may not be preserved. One common source of trouble is the modulus of negative numbers, which Perl does one way, but your hardware may do another. % perl -le 'print (4 % -3)' -2 % perl -Minteger -le 'print (4 % -3)' 1 See L, L =cut $integer::hint_bits = 0x1; sub import { $^H |= $integer::hint_bits; } sub unimport { $^H &= ~$integer::hint_bits; } 1;