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Þ'¯°ÌME[YéïĵÂCå½ Ué©Áû'Ê9%eÔðNU”ë‘ÌsD3/®+UI˜9h.WC”빓$#:pz:YÓ ¿xž* ³$Í +$kñAŠ‹†¢ Uê>¸)_š¬÷©ßAÂÔb9ÇU ¯¾á•9¯ÏÏ÷O÷¼¼Fähal1‰3Ì[Ïr•´UCksNÐ] R‘¸¥H+§Šé†c©vÖÞ0iÓ76s†î!§=ß ¼~Ô'°Ãmäoäš³ªøi1úÉ)³yV8 CLÄØÁ‘WYïi€H6ÖÑiámø^ÈY´°Ñ7¥Û*—Ñ©L«Qƒï—Ùrÿ ›£Ð*š¸ˆL©ˆ$ˆ ÷¾D§9È®«qbqC)–ˆïv´çñsÑVT­Ø, <àïºÀO«Jý·õ àfPìð .wFšir´þ’2_Y *Æ€x\« ì€9š@ Ž|F⇥ˆkZ@hÖÄ0t¿-<“‹qµ¾*ZL¤Ú)&BJpÓF5=$„at*Zš$’ÑtdûÝRI1 2Ž‰$€$I$#‰SÞ’Hë¬ï;Á$¡t$’`<(ñÇt)$‡Ð.Êf¢X’Kt=Éé$‚ˆªè¢oÝëòI%Rgcª÷ŠyI%¡‰ÿ !ñ)´õ $¤ Ô’IIGÿÙa 3g@(@sPddlmZdZdZer$deiZn deeiZd ddZedkrLed d d S) )use_old_parsera# Unpack tuple >>> t = (1, 2, 3) >>> a, *b, c = t >>> a == 1 and b == [2] and c == 3 True Unpack list >>> l = [4, 5, 6] >>> a, *b = l >>> a == 4 and b == [5, 6] True Unpack implied tuple >>> *a, = 7, 8, 9 >>> a == [7, 8, 9] True Unpack string... fun! >>> a, *b = 'one' >>> a == 'o' and b == ['n', 'e'] True Unpack long sequence >>> a, b, c, *d, e, f, g = range(10) >>> (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) == (0, 1, 2, [3, 4, 5, 6], 7, 8, 9) True Unpack short sequence >>> a, *b, c = (1, 2) >>> a == 1 and c == 2 and b == [] True Unpack generic sequence >>> class Seq: ... def __getitem__(self, i): ... if i >= 0 and i < 3: return i ... raise IndexError ... >>> a, *b = Seq() >>> a == 0 and b == [1, 2] True Unpack in for statement >>> for a, *b, c in [(1,2,3), (4,5,6,7)]: ... print(a, b, c) ... 1 [2] 3 4 [5, 6] 7 Unpack in list >>> [a, *b, c] = range(5) >>> a == 0 and b == [1, 2, 3] and c == 4 True Multiple targets >>> a, *b, c = *d, e = range(5) >>> a == 0 and b == [1, 2, 3] and c == 4 and d == [0, 1, 2, 3] and e == 4 True Assignment unpacking >>> a, b, *c = range(5) >>> a, b, c (0, 1, [2, 3, 4]) >>> *a, b, c = a, b, *c >>> a, b, c ([0, 1, 2], 3, 4) Set display element unpacking >>> a = [1, 2, 3] >>> sorted({1, *a, 0, 4}) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] >>> {1, *1, 0, 4} Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable Dict display element unpacking >>> kwds = {'z': 0, 'w': 12} >>> sorted({'x': 1, 'y': 2, **kwds}.items()) [('w', 12), ('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 0)] >>> sorted({**{'x': 1}, 'y': 2, **{'z': 3}}.items()) [('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)] >>> sorted({**{'x': 1}, 'y': 2, **{'x': 3}}.items()) [('x', 3), ('y', 2)] >>> sorted({**{'x': 1}, **{'x': 3}, 'x': 4}.items()) [('x', 4)] >>> {**{}} {} >>> a = {} >>> {**a}[0] = 1 >>> a {} >>> {**1} Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: 'int' object is not a mapping >>> {**[]} Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: 'list' object is not a mapping >>> len(eval("{" + ", ".join("**{{{}: {}}}".format(i, i) ... for i in range(1000)) + "}")) 1000 >>> {0:1, **{0:2}, 0:3, 0:4} {0: 4} List comprehension element unpacking >>> a, b, c = [0, 1, 2], 3, 4 >>> [*a, b, c] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] >>> l = [a, (3, 4), {5}, {6: None}, (i for i in range(7, 10))] >>> [*item for item in l] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: iterable unpacking cannot be used in comprehension >>> [*[0, 1] for i in range(10)] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: iterable unpacking cannot be used in comprehension >>> [*'a' for i in range(10)] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: iterable unpacking cannot be used in comprehension >>> [*[] for i in range(10)] Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: iterable unpacking cannot be used in comprehension >>> {**{} for a in [1]} Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: dict unpacking cannot be used in dict comprehension # Pegen is better here. # Generator expression in function arguments # >>> list(*x for x in (range(5) for i in range(3))) # Traceback (most recent call last): # ... # list(*x for x in (range(5) for i in range(3))) # ^ # SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> dict(**x for x in [{1:2}]) Traceback (most recent call last): ... dict(**x for x in [{1:2}]) ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax Iterable argument unpacking >>> print(*[1], *[2], 3) 1 2 3 Make sure that they don't corrupt the passed-in dicts. >>> def f(x, y): ... print(x, y) ... >>> original_dict = {'x': 1} >>> f(**original_dict, y=2) 1 2 >>> original_dict {'x': 1} Now for some failures Make sure the raised errors are right for keyword argument unpackings >>> from collections.abc import MutableMapping >>> class CrazyDict(MutableMapping): ... def __init__(self): ... self.d = {} ... ... def __iter__(self): ... for x in self.d.__iter__(): ... if x == 'c': ... self.d['z'] = 10 ... yield x ... ... def __getitem__(self, k): ... return self.d[k] ... ... def __len__(self): ... return len(self.d) ... ... def __setitem__(self, k, v): ... self.d[k] = v ... ... def __delitem__(self, k): ... del self.d[k] ... >>> d = CrazyDict() >>> d.d = {chr(ord('a') + x): x for x in range(5)} >>> e = {**d} Traceback (most recent call last): ... RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration >>> d.d = {chr(ord('a') + x): x for x in range(5)} >>> def f(**kwargs): print(kwargs) >>> f(**d) Traceback (most recent call last): ... RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration Overridden parameters >>> f(x=5, **{'x': 3}, y=2) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: test.test_unpack_ex.f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'x' >>> f(**{'x': 3}, x=5, y=2) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: test.test_unpack_ex.f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'x' >>> f(**{'x': 3}, **{'x': 5}, y=2) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: test.test_unpack_ex.f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'x' >>> f(x=5, **{'x': 3}, **{'x': 2}) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: test.test_unpack_ex.f() got multiple values for keyword argument 'x' >>> f(**{1: 3}, **{1: 5}) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: test.test_unpack_ex.f() got multiple values for keyword argument '1' Unpacking non-sequence >>> a, *b = 7 Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: cannot unpack non-iterable int object Unpacking sequence too short >>> a, *b, c, d, e = Seq() Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected at least 4, got 3) Unpacking sequence too short and target appears last >>> a, b, c, d, *e = Seq() Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected at least 4, got 3) Unpacking a sequence where the test for too long raises a different kind of error >>> class BozoError(Exception): ... pass ... >>> class BadSeq: ... def __getitem__(self, i): ... if i >= 0 and i < 3: ... return i ... elif i == 3: ... raise BozoError ... else: ... raise IndexError ... Trigger code while not expecting an IndexError (unpack sequence too long, wrong error) >>> a, *b, c, d, e = BadSeq() Traceback (most recent call last): ... test.test_unpack_ex.BozoError Now some general starred expressions (all fail). >>> a, *b, c, *d, e = range(10) # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: multiple starred expressions in assignment >>> [*b, *c] = range(10) # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: multiple starred expressions in assignment >>> a,*b,*c,*d = range(4) # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: multiple starred expressions in assignment >>> *a = range(10) # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: starred assignment target must be in a list or tuple >>> *a # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: can't use starred expression here >>> *1 # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: can't use starred expression here >>> x = *a # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: can't use starred expression here Some size constraints (all fail.) >>> s = ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1<<8)) + ", *rest = range(1<<8 + 1)" >>> compile(s, 'test', 'exec') # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: too many expressions in star-unpacking assignment >>> s = ", ".join("a%d" % i for i in range(1<<8 + 1)) + ", *rest = range(1<<8 + 2)" >>> compile(s, 'test', 'exec') # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: too many expressions in star-unpacking assignment (there is an additional limit, on the number of expressions after the '*rest', but it's 1<<24 and testing it takes too much memory.) a >>> (*x),y = 1, 2 # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: can't use starred expression here >>> (((*x))),y = 1, 2 # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: can't use starred expression here >>> z,(*x),y = 1, 2, 4 # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: can't use starred expression here >>> z,(*x) = 1, 2 # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: can't use starred expression here >>> ((*x),y) = 1, 2 # doctest:+ELLIPSIS Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: can't use starred expression here doctestsFcCs(ddlm}ddlm}|||dS)Nr)support)test_unpack_ex)testrrZ run_doctest)verboserrr2/opt/python39/lib/python3.9/test/test_unpack_ex.py test_mains  r __main__T)rN)F)Z test.supportrrZnew_parser_doctestsZ__test__r __name__rrrr s o